Rev. John Willoughby
UNDERSTANDING THE FEASTS OF THE LORD
(All scriptures in ‘New King James Version’, unless otherwise stated.)
VI. THE FEAST OF PENTECOST.
It is also referred to as the Feast of Weeks (Ex 34:22), the Feast of Harvest (Ex 23:16) and only later was it known as the Feast of Pentecost (Acts 2:1). The word Pentecost means 50 and was taken from Lev 23:16-17, “Count fifty days to the day after the seventh Sabbath”.
1. Historical background
a) Its time. Lev 23:15-16. The Feast of Passover marked the beginning of the barley harvest, while the Feast of Pentecost was celebrated in the summer at the completion of the wheat harvest. This harvest festival was celebrated on the 6th of the Jewish month of Sivan (May to June), 50 days after the Feast of First Fruits.
b) Its activities. Lev 23:17-20. These consisted of:
* A firstfruit offering (v17). This was the presentation to the Lord of two loaves of baked bread with leaven which, “are the firstfruits to the Lord”. They were made of fine flower (from the first grain of the harvest) that had been carefully sifted, to separate the coarse matter from the wheat.
* A sacrifice (v18-19). As a burnt offering “seven lambs … without blemish, one young bull and two rams”, as a sin offering “one kid of the goats”, as a peace offering “two male lambs”, together with grain and drink offerings.
* A wave offering (v20). The priest was to take the peace offering and “the bread of the firstfruits” and wave them before the Lord.
c) Its purpose. Dt 16:12. It was a day of thanksgiving, when they “shall do no customary work” (Num 28:26). It expressed the Hebrew people’s complete dependance on God for His power in their deliverance from Egypt, for the harvest and their daily bread.
2. Celebration of the Feast at the time of Jesus
Lev 23:21. Since the word ‘Pentecost’ in Greek means 50, it derives its name from the 50 days interval between the Feast of First Fruits and the Feast of Weeks or Harvest. Later when the Jews were dispersed among the nations, the Feast of Weeks (‘Shavuot’) lost its significance as a harvest festival and was celebrated as a memorial to the time when God gave them the Law at Mt Sinai. It became known as ‘The Feast of the Giving of the Law’, which the Jewish rabbis traditionally believed also took place on the 6th of Sivan. It is interesting to note that at Mt Sinai 3,000 souls died (Ex 32:28) and at Pentecost 3,000 souls were saved (Acts 2:41).
3. Jesus fulfilled the Feast of Pentecost
For fifteen hundred years the Jews had been celebrating this Feast, which would be fulfilled by the coming Messiah:
a) He is the baptizer in the Holy Spirit. Jn 1:29-34. John the Baptist introduced Jesus as, “the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world” (Passover) and as, “He who baptizes in the Holy Spirit” (Pentecost). So important are these words of John, that they are repeated in each of the other Gospels (Mt 3:11. Mk 1:8. Lk 3:16).
b) He was glorified. Acts 2:32-36. Forty days after His resurrection (Feast of First Fruits), He ascended to the Father and was exalted to sit at His right hand (Heb 1:3), from where ten days later He sent the Holy Spirit upon His disciples on the Day of Pentecost. He fulfilled the Feast as the glorified Lord, “being exalted to the right hand of God and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit” (v33).
c) He sent the Holy Spirit. Acts 2:1-4. As there was such joy in heaven over the victory and exaltation of Christ we read in Acts 2:33, “He poured out this which you now see and hear” on His disciples. This promise of the Father was fulfilled when, “they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance” (v4). It took place on the very day that the Jews were offering the two wave loaves to God. These two loaves were “the firstfruits to the Lord” and were “baked with leaven” (Lev 23:17), which speaks of sin and represented Jews and later Gentiles, both of whom have the leaven of sin in their lives. Those 3,000 Jews saved on that day (v41) represented the first harvest, after the 120 disciples had been filled with the Holy Spirit (v4).
4. Jesus empowered the Early Church
Mt 3:16-17. Even though He was God incarnate and was conceived of the Holy Spirit, He submitted Himself to receive the anointing of the Holy Spirit, before beginning His ministry of preaching, healing the sick, casting out demons and overcoming Satan. On the evening that He was resurrected and after presenting His blood to the Father, He appeared to His disciples and breathed the Holy Spirit into them (Jn 20:19-22). This was their spiritual rebirth, which established their new position as believers in Him (Rom 8:9-10). However, they needed a greater infilling:
a) The early church was empowered. Acts 1:4-8. The same ministry that Jesus undertook, He gave His disciples to continue in His Name, with the same empowering of the Spirit. It was not the three and a half years of teaching and discipleship nor His resurrection which empowered them, because even after Jesus appeared and “breathed on them” the indwelling Holy Spirit (Jn 20:22), He still told them to wait, “in the city of Jerusalem until you are endued with power from on high” (Lk 24:49). Rather it was that, “you shall be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now” (v5) – the coming major encounter with God, when they would receive the outpouring of the Holy Spirit on the Day of Pentecost. This great blessing transformed Peter from being a timid coward, hiding behind closed doors, to the man who stood with the other disciples before the great crowd and boldly proclaimed the exalted Christ (Acts 2:14-39). When they were filled with the Holy Spirit, they received power to be witnesses to Christ and as a result this little band of ordinary men and women turned their world upside down.
b) The early church continued to move in power. Acts 4:31. After the “three thousand souls were added to them” (Acts 2:41), they continued to move in the power of God, with the result that, “the Lord added to the church daily those who were being saved” (Acts 2:47). Later those who believed “came to be about five thousand” (Acts 4:4), but the number of believers continued to increase, whether Jew or Gentile (Acts 10:45), as His disciples spread the Good News from Jerusalem to, “all Judea and Samaria” and then “to the end of the world” (Acts 1:8). The Feast of Pentecost continued to be celebrated by the early church and is mentioned twice in relation to the Apostle Paul (Acts 20:16, I Cor 16:8).
5. Personal application
Acts 19:1-6. Jesus fulfilled the Feast of Passover as the Lamb of God, who died on the cross for our sins, the Feast of Unleavened Bread by His burial and the Feast of First Fruits by his resurrection. These represent the first major encounters with God, when we receive peace through the forgiveness of sins and the victory to overcome through appropriating His death, burial and resurrection in our own lives. Pentecost represents the next major encounter, when we receive the power of the Holy Spirit to be witnesses for Him, to move by faith in His gifts and to overcome the evil one. The following are important aspects for us, concerning the Feast of Pentecost:
a) Jesus continues to endue with power today. I Cor 4:20. Somebody wrote, ‘A Christian who neglects the Holy Spirit is like a lamp that’s not plugged in’. God wants us to know Jesus not only as the crucified Lamb of God, who died for our sins, but also as the glorified Lord, who baptizes us in the Holy Spirit. When He ascended to the Father, He sent the Holy Spirit upon His followers of every generation, so that they would be able to fulfill the Great Commission and even do greater (more extensive) works than He (Jn 14:12). When He walked the earth, His ministry was limited to His human body, now He ministers through His church, His body on earth. We need His power:
* To witness. Mk 16:15-18. In order to fulfill this call concerning the Great Commission, we must submit and humble ourselves to receive that greater anointing and power, which comes through the Holy Spirit (Acts 1:8). As the early church was emboldened and empowered, after receiving the baptism in the Holy Spirit, so can we, if we humbly ask Him for this gift.
* To be used in the gifts. I Cor 12:7-11. These nine gifts can be divided into three categories – gifts of power (Faith, Healings and Miracles), gifts of revelation (Words of Wisdom and Knowledge and Discernment of spirits) and gifts of utterance (Prophecy, Speaking in tongues and Interpretation of tongues). Each of these are so important as a means of blessing others and are available, as the Spirit wills, in all the different situations we might find ourselves (v11). The gifts of utterance are often used in a church setting to encourage the body of Christ. The gifts of revelation for counselling and sometimes together with the gifts of power, for the casting out of demons. The gifts of power are also often used as signs to the unconverted and in pointing people to Christ. The more we are willing to be used in these gifts, so the stronger they will become and the more others will be blessed and His Kingdom established in people’s hearts.
* To have victory over Satan. Eph 6:12 .1:15-23. God has defeated Satan through Christ, so we do not have to defeat him ourselves, but rather to stand in the victory that has already been won for us (Col 1:13-14). In Col 2:15 we read, “Having disarmed principalities and powers, He made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them in it” and in Eph 2:6, He “raised us up together and made us sit together in the heavenly places in Chris Jesus”. Once we experience the reality of the Feast of Pentecost and are filled with the Spirit, we will experience spiritual warfare, for the closer we draw to God and begin to walk in His power, the greater will the spiritual battle become, for we become a threat to Satan and as a result he will do all he can to defeat us. The attacks will come in our minds, our bodies, through circumstances and the world system. Jesus said, “in Me you will have peace. In the world you will have tribulation, but be of good cheer, I have overcome the world” and “the ruler of this world is judged” (Jn 16:33, 11). James wrote, firstly “submit to God”, then “Resist the devil and he will flee from you” (Jms 4:7).
b) Jesus sanctifies today. Mt 3:11-12. When Moses received the Law on Mt Sinai, there was fire on the mountain and, “the Lord spoke … out of the midst of the fire” (Dt 4:11-12). The Law gave direction to His people to be separate from all other nations and to be a holy people, serving only their God. John the Baptist said of Jesus,“He will baptize you in the Holy Spirit and fire” (Lk 3:16). We read of the outpouring of the Spirit in Acts 2:3, “there appeared to them divided tongues of fire and one sat upon each of them”. In Heb 10:16 we read, “I will put My laws into their hearts and in their minds I will write them”. The Holy Spirit is HOLY, bringing light and conviction of hidden sin into His people’s hearts and for those who repent, burning up “the chaff with unquenchable fire” (v12). He desires a separated people who, “persue … holiness, without which no one will see the Lord” (Heb 12:14).
c) Jesus wishes that all be baptized in the Holy Spirit today. Lk 11:9-13. The baptism in the Holy Spirit will not only empower, equip and sanctify us, but will also open the door to a deeper walk with Him. The words of Peter on the Day of Pentecost have encouraged Christians down through the centuries, “you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. For the promise is to you and to your children and to all who are afar off, as many as the Lord our God will call” (Acts 2:38-39). Luke encourages us with the words of Jesus in v13, “how much more will your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask Him” and in v9-10, “I say to you, ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and it will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives and he who seeks finds and to him who knocks it will be opened” (v9-10). Jesus gives a promise to us – as we continue by faith to ask, seek and knock, we shall receive.