Rev. John Willoughby
UNDERSTANDING THE FEASTS OF THE LORD.
(All scriptures in ‘New King James Version’, unless otherwise stated.)
IX. TABERNACLES – THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES.
Tabernacles includes the Feast of Trumpets (‘Rosh HaShanah’), the Day of Atonement (‘Yom Kippur’) and the Feast of Tabernacles (‘Sukkot’).
1. Historical background.
The Feast was called Tabernacles, because the Israelites slept in booths or shelters. It was also called the Feast of Ingathering (Ex 23:16), due to it taking place at the end of the harvest season.
a) Its time. Lev 23:33-36. There were two aspects:
* Seven days. From the 15th to the 21st of the seventh month of Tishri (Sept to Oct).
* Eighth day. On the 22nd of Tishri
b) Its time in relation to the other two Feasts. The following is a summary:
* The Feast of Trumpets – a day for the blowing of trumpets. On the 1st day of Tishri. (There followed the Ten Days of Repentance.)
* The Day of Atonement – a day of repentance. On the 10th of Tishri.
* The Feast of Tabernacles – eight days of celebration. On the 15th to 22nd of Tishri.
c) Its activities. It was the last of the three major Feasts, at which all males must attend yearly to celebrate (Dt 16:16). There were the:
* First seven days. Num 29:12-16. On the first day (15th), “you shall have a holy convocation” (Sabbath). There were to be various offerings for each day, a burnt offering of “two rams and fourteen lambs in their first year … without blemish”, also young bulls (starting at 13 for the first day and reducing each day to 7 for the 7th day), a sin offering of, “one kid of the goats”, together with their grain offerings.
* Eighth day. Num 29:35-38. It was a Sabbath of rest and rejoicing, with a burnt offering of, “one bull, one ram, seven lambs in their first year without blemish”, grain offerings and “one goat as a sin offering”.
d) Its purpose. Lev 23:40-43. It was a time of great rejoicing, to celebrate the final ingathering of the harvest, which God had blessed the people with for the year. They were to build and then dwell in booths or shelters, in which they were to live during the Feast. This reminded them to:
* Look back. They remembered the time their forefathers (after being led out of Egypt) wandered in the wilderness for 40 years, living in shelters or tabernacles and that this was due to their unbelief and disobedience. Also that during this time, they could rest in God’s provision, as He provided for their every need, eventually bringing them into the land of rest, which He had promised them.
* Look forward. The shelters were loosely constructed, so that they could see through the leaves to heaven. This would remind them that they were pilgrims, passing through this life and that God had an even greater rest for them in the future, when their promised Messiah would come to bring them final deliverance, a hope of their ancestor Abraham who, “waited for the city which has foundations, whose builder and maker is God” (Heb 11:10).
2. Special celebration of the Feast under the Old Covenant.
Neh 8:13-18. This took place as a time of great rejoicing in the time of Ezra and Nehemiah, after the Temple in Jerusalem had been dedicated and the walls had been completed (Neh 6:15).
3. Celebration of the Feast at the time of Jesus.
As with the Feasts of Passover and Pentecost, all Jewish males were required to journey to Jerusalem each year for its celebration (Dt 16:16). The fruit of the land had been reaped, so the people could now rest from their labour. Tabernacles was known as, ‘the season of rejoicing’ and was such a joyous occasion that the Jews said that the person who had not been to Jerusalem during this Feast did not know what rejoicing really meant! An additional reason for celebration was that the month of Tishri was and is to this day, the start of the Jewish New Year under the civil calendar and was the beginning of the agricultural season with its early rains.
4. Jesus fulfilled the Feast of Tabernacles.
As God resided with His people in the Tabernacle in the wilderness, so Jesus took on His earthly body (tabernacle) as a temporary dwelling place (Jn 1:14) to reside with us as, “Immanuel, God with us” (Mt 1:23). There were two Jewish rituals that illustrated its fulfillment through the Messiah, the Lord Jesus Christ:
a) The pouring of water. Jn 7:37-39. This took place on the 7th day (v37), “the last day” of the Feast (21st of Tishri), which was called in Hebrew ‘Hoshana Rabba’ (‘Day of the Great Hosanna’) and which translates into English as, ‘save now’. On this day the Jews would pray particularly for:
* The coming rain. This was needed in order to soften the ground for plowing, thus they made a special thanksgiving offering to God for the rain, which He was going to send.
* The coming of the Messiah. As part of the ritual of the Feast, a priest would draw water from the Pool of Siloam with a golden pitcher and while doing so would quote Isa 12:3, “Therefore with joy you will draw water from the wells of salvation”. He would then go to the Temple, where the High Priest would take the pitcher and pour the water mingled with wine into a basin at the foot of the altar. As this was taking place, the priests would blow their trumpets and the Levites and all the people would wave palm branches, while singing Ps 113-118 (the Hallel). This pouring of the water was done in remembrance of the water supplied by God from the rock (Ex 17:6) and which spiritually pointed to Christ, as we read in I Cor 10:4, “they drunk of that spiritual Rock that followed them and that Rock was Christ”. This was the most joyous day of the celebration and the pouring of water was its climax. Jesus was present to keep the Feast, in obedience to the Law and just as the celebration reached its peak at the pouring of the water, He made the bold declaration, “If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and drink” (v37), pointing to Himself as the Messiah, the One who would give them the true water of life.
b) The lighting of the Temple. Jn 8:2, 12. “Now early in the morning He came again into the Temple” (v2), being the 8th day (22nd of Tishri), which was the Sabbath. At this time tens of thousands crowded into the Temple area, each one carrying a lighted torch, resulting in the entire city of Jerusalem being illuminated for miles. This was to celebrate and to thank God for:
* The sun. The lighted torches represented the sun, plenty of which was needed, in order to have a successful agricultural season, thus they thanked God for this blessing.
* The coming of the Messiah. They acknowledged that God was their true light (Ps 27:1), who would one day give them spiritual sight through the Messiah. It was then that Jesus said, “I am the light of the world” (v12).
In both events Jesus pointed to Himself as the One who had come to satisfy their spiritual thirst and to take them out of the darkness of unbelief into His true spiritual light. They rejected Him, because they thirsted after their religious rituals and traditions, rather than thirsting after God. Also because they desired a political Messiah or Deliverer, who would set them free from the bondage of Rome, rather than receiving the light of His conviction, resulting in deliverance from the bondage of sin. The result was that they missed the rest Jesus offered them and continued to be restless wanderers (as were their forefathers) for the coming 1,900 years.
5. Jesus will fulfill the Feast of Tabernacles.
As part of the three Feasts of Tabernacles on every fiftieth year, “you shall cause the trumpet of Jubilee to sound on the tenth day of the seventh month on the Day of Atonement, you shall make the trumpet to sound throughout your land” (Lev 25:9). During this Year of Jubilee, there was a time of great rejoicing and a time for proclaiming liberty throughout the land – all prisoners were to be set free, property was returned to its original owner and the land rested without being worked. As the Hebrews looked through the leaves of their booths to the stars, it pointed to a future time, when God’s people will be completely set free, the earth will be restored to the godly and there will be rest in the land. There are two aspects of rest, when God will tabernacle in the midst of His people, which are still to be fulfilled:
a) The Millennium Rest. Rev 20:4-6. It represents the 1,000 year reign of Christ on earth. (It is interesting that this is the seventh Feast, the seventh dispensation and the seventh thousand years in Biblical history.) As God rested on the seventh day and as we are to rest on the Sabbath (Ex 20:8-11), so too this seventh dispensation shall be a time of rest. Those who have received new resurrection bodies as part of the first resurrection (both Jews and Gentiles) will reign with Christ (v4) and those who comprise the sheep nations, together with those who are born during this time, will be its inhabitants. We read of this time in Zech 14:9, “And the Lord shall be King over all the earth”. The Millennium (Latin ‘milli’ means one thousand and ‘annum’ means year) will be a time of great rejoicing and rest for all people living at that time:
* Satan will be bound. Rev 20:1-3. Together with all his demonic forces of darkness they will be cast, “into the bottomless pit” (v3), so that they will not be able to entice and tempt the world’s inhabitants, nor control the world system, as they used to do.
* The Jews will be blessed. Jer 23:5-8. Israel will rest in peace in the full area promised to them through Abraham, which will extend far beyond its present borders, each tribe having its allotted land (Ez 47:13-48:29). They will also have a new Temple (Zech 6:12-13). We read of that day, “ten men from every language of the nations shall grasp the sleeve of a Jewish man saying, ‘Let us go with you, for we have heard that God is with you’” (Zech 8:23).
* The Gentiles will be blessed. Isa 2:1-4. It will be a utopia for which man has so desperately strived, but has never achieved – with peace, safety, prosperity and righteousness as their inheritance. We read of this time in Zech 14:16-21, “everyone who is left of the nations (Gentiles) … shall go up from year to year to worship the King (Jesus), the Lord of hosts and to keep the Feast of Tabernacles” (v16) and those who do not will be punished.
* Jerusalem will be a blessing. Zech 8:3-8. From this ancient city Jesus will rule and all blessings will flow, as we can see from some of the various names given to it: “You shall be called the city of righteousness, the faithful city” (Isa 1:26), “The city of the Lord, Zion of the Holy One of Israel” (Isa 60:14), in Isa 62:4 “you shall be called Hephzibah (‘My Delight is in her’) and your land Beulah” (‘Married’) and in v12 she is called, “Sought Out, a city not forsaken”. In Jer 3:17 we read, “At that time Jerusalem shall be called The Throne of the Lord”, in 33:16 “this is the name by which she shall be called: THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNES” and in Ez 48:35 she is named, “THE LORD IS THERE”.
* The Gentiles and the Jews will be tested. Rev 20:7-10. Because of sin still residing in the heart of man, Satan will be released to entice many into a final rebellion against God at the end of this time, in order to test the hearts of those still living in His Kingdom. This rebellion will be speedily overcome, after which will be the Great Judgment (Rev 20:11-15). As wonderful as the Millennium will be, it is still not the final rest that God has planned for us.
b) The Eternal Rest. Rev 21:1-7, 22-27. We read in Isa 65:17, “behold, I create a new heavens and a new earth; and the former shall not be remembered or come to mind”. The old will be destroyed by fire (II Pet 3:7) and the new shall remain forever (Isa 66:22). There will be no need of a temple for worship or the sun and moon to give light for, “the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are its temple” and “the glory of God illuminated it, the Lamb is its light” (v22-23). We read in Num 29:35 that, as part of the Feast of Tabernacles, there was a special Sabbath on the 8th day (the 22nd), which was a day of great rejoicing and corresponds to the new heavens and earth. This is the final rest for which we are longing, when Satan (together with all demons and fallen angels) have been cast into the lake of fire (Rev 20:10), when there will be no temptation to sin throughout creation, His universe and in the hearts of men and when God will come to live amongst His people (Rev 22:1-5). It will return to a time of innocence and rest, when nature will be restored as it was before the fall and when God’s full purposes will be fulfilled in His universe.
6. Personal application.
Mt 11:28-30. This seventh Feast completes the religious season and represents the completed work of God, not only for Israel, but also for Christians – the seventh step to spiritual maturity, a level to which we can all grow. Our bodies are our temporary dwelling places (tabernacles), as we make the journey through this world to our heavenly home (II Pet 1:13-14). Jesus said of Himself, “He has sent Me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to set at liberty those who are oppressed”, He continues, “to preach the acceptable year of the Lord”, which refers to the Year of Jubilee (Lk 4:18-19). This Jubilee rest is not only for eternity, but is the inheritance of all those who would make Jesus Lord of their lives in this earthly pilgrimage. For those who have come into His light and drunk of His Spirit, we can rejoice that through Christ, there is:
a) A present rest. Heb 3:7-4:10. It was always God’s desire to lead His people Israel into their inheritance, the promised land of rest, but an entire generation did not make it, because of unbelief, disobedience and a hardness of heart towards Him (v7-11, 16-19). How easy it is for Christians to travel a similar path (v12-15). Egypt symbolizes the world system, the promised land symbolizes God’s rest and the wilderness lies in between. When a person accepts Jesus as Saviour, God delivers them out of a type of spiritual Egypt, but Egypt does not always come out of us, at least not for a while and in that time we can wander in a wilderness. Like the Jews, we Christians will not receive His inheritance and enjoy His rest in this lifetime, until we walk with Him in loving trust and obedience, not through our own efforts, but only through relying on His grace. Many never enter the promised land of God’s rest, because they seek the blessings, rather than the One who blesses. As we allow Jesus to be Lord of all and to live His life in us and through us, He becomes our life. We can now simply rest in Him, no matter the circumstances for as Paul wrote, “I have learned in whatever state I am, to be content” (Phil 4:11). His rest is the place Christians come to in their walk with God, when they tabernacle in Him and He in them. The full blessings of the Feasts become a reality to us only by the work of the Holy Spirit and are received in an ordered sequence of events, as we receive His truths and put them into operation. We can rejoice in:
* Passover – Jesus died for our sins and we (our old life and self) by faith died in Him.
* Unleavened Bread – Jesus was buried and our old self was by faith buried in Him.
* First Fruits – Jesus was resurrected from the dead and our new spiritual life was by faith resurrected in Him.
* Pentecost – Jesus was glorified, sent the “promise of the Father” and we receive by faith His power through the baptism in the Holy Spirit.
b) A future rest. II Cor 5:1-8. It is interesting that the Jewish month of Tishri, is also the start of the new year in the Jewish civil calendar and thus for Christians can symbolically be taken as the start of something new. One day we must all put off this tent (II Pet 1:14) and “be clothed with our habitation, which is from heaven” (v2), in which we will be able to fully enjoy His blessings. For those who fully tabernacle in Him now, “as sojourners and pilgrims” (I Pet 2:11), His rest will also be their inheritance for the Millennium and for eternity, as the apostle Peter wrote, “Nevertheless we, according to His promise, look for new heavens and a new earth in which righteousness dwells” (II Pet 3:13). We can rejoice in the sequence of future events.
* Trumpets – Jesus will return for His bride and we who are ready will be caught up to meet Him in the air. Let us watch, with our lamps burning, for His return.
* Day of Atonement – Jesus will be the judge of all who have ever lived and for us (who are His bride), there will be an account of our stewardship (not of our salvation). Let us glorify Christ in all we are and do.
* Tabernacles – Jesus will bring eternal rest for His universe and we will receive and be part of that rest for eternity, all due to His grace and mercy. Let us enter that rest and tabernacle in Him now.
Rev 22:1-5. We also read of that time in Rev Ch 21: That God will “tabernacle … with men and He will dwell with them” (v3). “There shall be no more death, nor sorrow … nor pain for the former things are passed away” (v4), that those “who overcome shall inherit all things and I will be his God and he shall be My son” (v7). No evil will be permitted (v8) and there will be a glorious New Jerusalem to accommodate all the righteous, who have ever lived (v2, 9-21), “with no need of the sun or of the moon to shine in it, for the glory of God illuminated it. The Lamb is its light” (v23). What a future inheritance of rest for the redeemed.